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OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS & METHODS OF THEIR EVALUATION
Comprehensive Analysis of Narrow Fractions as an Effective Method to Determine Optimal Heavy Residues Diluent
doi:10.24412/0233-5727-2025-4-5-3-9
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1,2Borisanov D.V., 2Druganov E.A., 3Zaytsev A.G.
1Slavneft-YANOS PJSC, Yaroslavl;
2Kazan National Research Technological University; 3RUDN University
Abstract. Recently refineries of the Russian Federation implement Deep Cut technology of vacuum gas oil recovery up to 600°C. At the same time the viscosity of tar is increasing which requires additional volumes of dissolvent to receive commercial fuel oil M-100. The article presents the complex analysis algorithm of narrow oil fractions properties which helps to determine optimal dissolvent of heavy oil residues to receive commercial fuel oil. The analysis of dissolving capacity of traditional dissolvent has been carried out: kerosene, diesel fuel and others. It is proposed to use 360–390°C fraction as fuel oil dissolvent, which is close in viscosity to diesel fuel and is of little use as feed for catalytic and hydrocracking due to the short length of hydrocarbon chains. Dissolving fuel oil with this fraction allows to avoid problems of ensuring such GOST parameters as flash point and content of fractions boiling until 350°C. In addition, the use of each ton of this fraction helps to save 0.6 t of diesel fuel involved in standard dissolving procedure. Scheme for separating 360–390°C fraction combined with Deep Cut technology has been suggested and implemented. The obtained results indicate a significant reduction in the share of diesel fuel in fuel oil formula, despite a significant several-fold increase in tar viscosity. The use of 360–390°C fraction as an optimal fuel oil dissolvent is justified.
Keywords: Deep Cut, fuel oil dissolvent, 360–390°C fraction, viscosity, diesel fuel, narrow fraction, kerosene.
Synthetic Lubricant Compositions Based on Polyalkylene Polyols for Compressor Units
doi:10.24412/0233-5727-2025-4-5-10-15
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1Luzhetskiy A.V., 2Gerasimov A.V., 1Nugaev S.T., 1Mel’nik A.N.
1Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (NRU);
2A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University
Abstract. The article discusses the relevance of developing domestic synthetic compressor oils based on oxyalkylated polyols. A comprehensive study of the influence of the sample synthesis method, molecular weight, starting material and the ratio of oxide groups on the physicochemical properties of the obtained samples was conducted. Based on the obtained data, a lubricating composition was created, including oxyalkylated polyol, viscosity modifier and defoamer. The developed composition demonstrated optimal performance characteristics, ensuring its effective use in compressor equipment for pumping associated petroleum gas.
Keywords: synthetic lubricants, polyalkylene polyols, compressor oils, polyoxyalkylated alcohols.
Reagentless Intensification of Polar Solvent Extraction in Petrochemical Technology
doi:10.24412/0233-5727-2025-4-5-17-19
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1Jafarli N.T., 1Ivakhnyuk G.K.
1St. Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technical University)
Abstract. The results of a study of the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons using polar solvents, such as ethylene glycol and its mixtures with N-methylpyrrolidone, under the influence of an alternating frequency-modulated electrical potential signal are described. It has been shown that its effect makes it possible to increase the efficiency of extraction and reduce the consumption of extractant by 25%. The extraction of base oil from heavy gas oil using N-methylpyrrolidone was also studied, where the yield of the target product increased by almost 40% under the influence of an alternating frequency-modulated signal. The results of the work can be used to improve industrial extraction processes.
Keywords: extraction, variable frequency-modulated signal, polar extractants, ethylene glycol, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), heavy gas oil, aromatic hydrocarbons.
ECOLOGY & INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
Study of the Characteristics of the Aqueous Phase of Sour Tar Sands
doi:10.24412/0233-5727-2025-4-5-20-25
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1,2Yudaev L.N., 2Sidorenko D.O., 2Mazlova E.A.
1ANPO CFPI “Noosphere”, Moscow;
2Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (NRU), Moscow
Abstract. In order to solve the issue of liquidation of the object of accumulated harm — acid tar storage pond No. 1,2, in the summer of 2024, pilot tests of the unit for its processing were started. As one of the by-products of the unit, wastewater, conventionally referred to as the aqueous phase of acid tar, is produced. Taking into account significant volumes of its formation, as well as the paucity of data on such wastewater, the aim of the work is to study its composition and properties. Thus, within the framework of this work, the characteristics of the effluent were determined and prerequisites for the development of its utilisation technology were created.
Keywords: sour tar, waste, oil sludge, processing, wastewater, coagulation, elimination of objects of accumulated harm.
Regulation of the Fractional and Component Composition of Automotive Gasoline to Reduce Particulate Emissions into the Atmosphere
doi:10.24412/0233-5727-2025-4-5-26-31
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1,2Ilin A.V., 1,2Savelenko V.D.,2Makhova U.A., 2Lobashova M.M., 2Kapustin V.M., 3Borisanov D.V., 4Karpova A.N., 4Tarasov A.V., 2Ershov M.A.
1Low-Carbon Technologies Development Center Ltd, Moscow;
2Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Moscow;
3Slavneft-YANOS PJSC, Yaroslavl;
4Yaroslavl State Technical University, Yaroslavl
Abstract. The composition, environmental and operational properties of narrow fractions of key components of commercial gasolines — catalytic cracking gasoline and reformates of two technologies — are analyzed. The following conclusions are formulated: heavy catalytic cracking gasoline (190°C and higher) consists of more than 85% aromatic hydrocarbons, while olefins are practically not found or are completely absent in fractions above 150°C; the average carbon content in heavy catalytic cracking gasoline is at the level of the content in reformates, due to which the specific and energy coefficients of CO₂ emissions of these components are equally high (3.25–3.30 t/t and 77.90–80.35 t/TJ). Due to the large amount of high-boiling compounds, the largest amount of solid particles is observed in the emissions when burning heavy catalytic cracking gasoline: the PMI of such a component is at the level of 14, while that of light catalytic cracking gasoline (IBP–190°C) is at the level of one, and that of reformates is 2.0–2.2. When adjusting the fractional composition of catalytic cracking gasoline to boiling temperatures of IBP–190°C, it is possible to halve the emissions of solid particles of the component, by 19% of commercial motor gasoline, and also to reduce CO₂ emissions when burning motor gasoline even taking into account the compensation of production volumes by other technological processes.
Keywords: narrow fractions of gasoline components, catalytic cracking gasoline, reformate, properties of commercial gasolines.
PETROCHEMISTRY
Development of Basic Schemes for Rectification of the Reaction Mixture for Obtaining 5-Methyl-3-Heptanone
doi:10.24412/0233-5727-2025-4-5-32-35
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1Lebedev I.V., 1Zhuchkov V.I., 1Frolkova A.K.
1Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA), University of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow
Abstract. Based on the analysis of the structure of the liquid–liquid–vapor phase equilibrium diagram of the methyl ethyl ketone–water–5-methyl-3-heptanone system obtained in the coupled process of methyl ethyl ketone condensation–hydrogenation, the basic schemes of the reaction mixture separation are synthesized. The schemes are focused on the implementation of the modes of the first and second specified separations in the first column. The presence of a separator in the scheme allows to overcome the thermodynamic limitations of the vapor–liquid equilibrium due to the mixture stratification at a temperature of 40°C. The material balances are calculated, the static parameters of the columns and energy costs are determined in the computational experiment. For the isolation of 5-methyl-3-heptanone and methyl ethyl ketone in pure form, the scheme oriented to the first specified separation is recommended, which is 38.1% more energetically favorable.
Keywords: methyl ethyl ketone, 5-methyl-3-heptanone, phase diagram, rectification scheme.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES
Evaluation of the Extraction Capacity of Modified Polar Extractants on Model Objects
doi:10.24412/0233-5727-2025-4-5-36-38
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1Jafarli N.T., 1Ivakhnyuk G.K.
1St. Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technical University)
Abstract. The article discusses the issues of increasing the efficiency of extraction processes by using modified polar extractants subjected to electrophysical treatment (EFO). It is shown that the effect of an alternating frequency-modulated electrical signal on an extractant (ethyl alcohol and distilled water) leads to a change in its physico-chemical properties — a decrease in viscosity and surface tension. This improves the penetrating ability of the extractant, which is confirmed by experiments on measuring osmotic pressure, capillary rise, as well as practical studies on the extraction of plasticizers from oil- and gasoline-resistant rubbers and tannins from St. John’s wort herb. The results demonstrate a significant increase in the yield of the extractant during electrophysical treatment. Thus, EFO extractants represent a promising approach for the intensification of mass transfer processes in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
Keywords: extraction, electrophysical treatment, extractant, tannins, surface tension, viscosity, mass transfer, biologically active substances.
TECHNICAL MEANS & EQUIPMENT
Modernization of Fuel Storage and Transportation Facilities Based on New Composite Materials
doi:10.24412/0233-5727-2025-4-5-39-44
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1Rybakov Yu.N., 1Volgin S.N., 1Kyunnap R.I.
1Federal Autonomous Enterprise «25-th State Research Institute of Chemmotoiogy, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation», Moscow
Abstract. The article provides a scientific justification for the modernization of fuel storage and transportation facilities. The use of promising composite polymer materials is proposed as the main direction for modernization; the possibility of increasing their properties by optimizing polymer composition and surface modification is substantiated; and innovative design solutions are described which, taken together, made it possible to create a new generation of elastic tanks and flat-turnable hoses with improved performance characteristics, minimize their mass and surface area, and expand the operating temperature range.
Keywords: fuel storage and transportation means, elastic tanks, pressure flat-folding hoses, composite polymer materials, polymer modification
Application of High Chromium 9Cr-1Mo-V Steel in the Oil Refining Industry
doi:10.24412/0233-5727-2025-4-5-45-55
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Demenin M.F.
Abstract. The article presents the main requirements for the chemical composition and mechanical characteristics of high-chromium heat-resistant 9Cr-1Mo-V steel used in the manufacture of equipment in the oil refining industry. The effect of the chemical composition on the weldability and performance characteristics of the steel is considered in detail. Welding methods are reviewed, as well as the effect of welding technology and heat treatment parameters on the service characteristics of welded joints. Recommendations are given for welding 9Cr-1Mo-V steel with low-carbon, alloyed, and austenitic steels, and recommendations for repairing welded joints are presented. It has been established that when used in an H₂S environment, the hardness of welded joints exceeds permissible standards, sensitivity to hydrogen sulfide stress cracking is very high, and, when a crack occurs, its growth rate increases significantly. This requires special manufacturing conditions for use in an H₂S environment and therefore all characteristics must be clearly defined before manufacturing and welding.
Keywords: 9Cr-1Mo-V steel, welding, thermal conductivity, martensitic transformation, normalizing, tempering, heat treatment, hardness, temper embrittlement, type IV cracking, preheat temperature, welding thermal cycle, interpass temperature, bake-out, slowly cooling.
PAGES OF HISTORY
Oil for the Front and Victory
Polischuk O., Ostrogozhskaya Yu.